Unravelling the Controversy Surrounding Our National Anthem and Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore
As we stand on the eve of India’s 76th Republic Day, it’s essential to reflect on the symbols that have shaped our national identity. Among these, our National Anthem, “Jana Gana Mana,” holds a special place. Written by the legendary Rabindranath Tagore, this anthem has not only united millions of Indians in spirit and purpose but has also been the subject of persistent controversy.
The Origins of “Jana Gana Mana”
Rabindranath Tagore composed the song “Jana Gana Mana” on December 11, 1911, at Shantiniketan. The song was first sung publicly on December 27, 1911, at the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress, marking its entry into the collective consciousness of the nation. Contrary to some beliefs, Tagore wrote this song to celebrate India and its diverse geography, culture, and people, not to honour a foreign ruler.
The Controversy: Was “Jana Gana Mana” Written for King George V?
A controversy that has haunted “Jana Gana Mana” alleges that Tagore composed the song in praise of King George V, who was the Chairman of the Nobel Prize selection committee when Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913. Critics argue that the song, particularly the phrase “Adhinayaka,” was meant to glorify the British monarch. This interpretation gained traction, especially since the song was composed the same year King George V visited India.
However, Tagore himself clarified this misconception in a letter written in 1937. He emphatically stated that “Jana Gana Mana” was not composed for George V or any other monarch. Tagore wrote, “Neither the Fifth nor the Sixth nor any George could be the maker of human destiny through the ages.” He made it clear that the song was a tribute to the eternal spirit that guides India’s destiny, not to a colonial ruler.
Decoding the Anthem: A Verse-by-Verse Analysis
Let us delve into the meaning of each stanza of “Jana Gana Mana” to understand its true essence:
1st Stanza:
The first verse highlights India’s geographical diversity, mentioning its states, mountains, and rivers, symbolizing the unity of the nation.
2nd Stanza:
In the second verse, Tagore speaks of the various religions in India, portraying a message of inclusivity and unity. He envisions Mother India as a figure who transcends religious boundaries, embodying a universal spiritual nature.
3rd Stanza:
Here, Tagore describes how, despite the difficulties faced by the nation, Mother India guides her people through revolutions and struggles, offering solace and direction.
4th Stanza:
In this verse, the poet emphasizes that Mother India remained vigilant during times of suffering, offering protection and comfort to her children, and dispelling their sorrows.
5th Stanza:
The final stanza depicts the dawn of a new era, with the sun rising, birds singing, and a fresh breeze bringing life to the nation. It celebrates the awakening of Mother India, who unites all her children, regardless of their faiths.
The Coincidence and Its Consequences
It is indeed a coincidence that “Jana Gana Mana” was composed in the same year as the coronation of King George V. Another notable coincidence was the revocation of the Bengal Partition Act the day after the song was composed, a significant victory for the people of Bengal and a positive sign for the nation.
The Adoption of the National Anthem
Despite the controversy, “Jana Gana Mana” was officially adopted as India’s National Anthem on January 24, 1950. Its timeless appeal lies in its portrayal of a united India, a vision that continues to inspire generations.
Conclusion
As we celebrate the 76th Republic Day, it is crucial to understand the historical context and true meaning behind our National Anthem. Rabindranath Tagore’s “Jana Gana Mana” is not a song of subservience but a powerful ode to the spirit of India. The controversy surrounding it may persist, but the anthem’s message of unity, resilience, and hope remains undiminished.
Let us honour the legacy of Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore and embrace the anthem as a symbol of our nation’s enduring strength and diversity. The question of whether the song was composed for a colonial ruler or for the nation can be answered by reflecting on its verses and the intentions behind them. As Tagore himself asserted, the anthem hails the Dispenser of India’s destiny, not a foreign king.
Happy Republic Day! May the spirit of our National Anthem continue to guide us toward a future of unity and prosperity.
Note (credits): Information was collected from various websites on the Internet.